A karst aquifer is a type of groundwater system that forms in regions with limestone bedrock. Karst aquifers are characterized by the presence of caves, sinkholes, and underground drainage channels that allow water to flow through the porous and fractured limestone rock. Due to the high permeability of the rock, karst aquifers can store and transmit large volumes of water, making them important sources of drinking water for many communities around the world. However, karst aquifers are also highly vulnerable to contamination from surface pollutants, as the rapid flow of water through the rock can easily transport contaminants into the groundwater. This makes the protection and management of karst aquifers a critical issue for water resource management and conservation efforts. Researchers studying karst aquifers investigate the hydrogeological processes, water quality, and environmental impacts of these unique and complex systems in order to develop strategies for sustainable water management and protection.